The Åland Example: Inclusive Governance for Sustainable Peace

This event examines the Åland Islands as a globally recognised example of inclusive governance and peaceful political processes, directly aligning with Thematic Direction 2 of the Geneva Peace Forum 2026. The Åland settlement, established in 1921 under the League of Nations, resolved competing territorial claims between Finland and Sweden through negotiated political arrangements rather than force, creating a lasting system of self-governance, minority protection as well as demilitarization and neutralization. 

The event focuses on how inclusive political structures can address identity-based tensions and prevent conflict. Central to the Åland model are democratically anchored autonomy, strong local institutions, and legally guaranteed linguistic and cultural rights for the Swedish-speaking population. Such arrangements can ensure meaningful political participation, protect minority identity, and foster trust between the local population and the central state. Importantly, the Åland experience is not only a historical example but is being explored by stakeholders and actors related to contemporary conflict and post-conflict contexts for lessons that may offer inspiration for addressing questions of autonomy, minority rights, self-governance, and relations between central governments and local communities. 

At a time when exclusion, weak governance, and contested political processes continue to drive instability, the Åland example demonstrates how inclusive governance frameworks can provide legitimate and sustainable alternatives to conflict. It highlights the importance of negotiated political solutions, power-sharing, and institutional design in managing diversity and preventing escalation. 

The session will explore how the principles underpinning the Åland example – participatory governance, rule of law, and respect for minority rights – can inform contemporary peace processes and political settlements. It will also consider the conditions under which such approaches can be adapted to different contexts, contributing to broader discussions on inclusive and resilient governance as a foundation for sustainable peace.