Rafael José Gude is a consultant with the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD)'s Programme on Organised Crime and Peacemaking, focused on the potential of peacemaking with gangs and other criminalised armed organisations. He has done extensive fieldwork with gangs in both El Salvador and Ecuador, where much of his research has focused on developing viable alternatives to punitive populism. He is co-author of, The Routledge International Handbook of Critical Gang Studies. He currently lives in Colombia.
